Key functions of this layer include

  • Node Discovery: Helping nodes find and connect with each other, forming the decentralized network.
  • Transaction Propagation: Ensuring transactions broadcast by one node reach all other nodes for validation and inclusion in blocks.
  • Block Propagation: Distributing newly mined blocks to all nodes, maintaining a consistent and up-to-date ledger across the network.
  • Synchronization: Keeping nodes in sync with the latest state of the blockchain, ensuring consensus and data integrity.